Teknologi Robot Untuk Militer
January
17, 2009
Ada sebuah artikel menarik
di Washington University di St Louis situs tentang peningkatan penggunaan
robotics dalam operasi militer. Beberapa peneliti universitas dan Smart dicatat
bahwa militer mengharapkan agar robot diimplementasikan sebagai kekuatan sampai
30% di tahun 2020 oleh militer. Dengan peningkatan penyebaran yang tak udara kendaraan
(UAV), robot mencari IED dan perangkat pengawasan robot, dengan ini
tampaknya tujuan penciptaan robot akan segera tercapai. Dengan memperhatikan
hal itu mungkin waktu untuk yang akan mempertanyakan militer robot dapat
digunakan untuk fasilitas keamanan dari radiasi kimia?
Menurut
artikel yang ini generasi robot perangkat disebarkan dengan militer AS
memanfaatkan beberapa tingkat teleoperation; yang jauh manusia menggunakan
perangkat komunikasi untuk mengontrol operasi dari robot. Dpt diramalkan untuk
masa depan robot perangkat militer dan keamanan layanan mereka akan memiliki
fungsi utama jauh oleh dengan pengendali manusia. Pada umumnya peningkatan
penggunaannya diarahkan sebagai robot penolong atau kontrol dari perangkat dan
layanan.
Security
Roles for Robots
Most
military robots currently deployed are being used as human-substitutes in high
risk situations like explosive ordinance disposal (EOD) or IED detection. The
defining exception to that generality is the use of UAV’s for long-linger time
observation of remote areas. This is the most likely model for initial robotic
security deployments.
Many
large chemical facilities have lengthy perimeters that are difficult to secure.
Irregular fence lines, natural and man-made obstructions, and lack of manpower
make it difficult to detect and confirm perimeter incursions. Early detection
is the key to allowing for adequate deployment times for active security
measures.
Perimeter
Surveillance
Larger
UAV’s like the Predator would not be practical for any but the largest
facilities. There are a number of smaller UAV’s that may be more appropriate
for large high-risk chemical facilities. They could be used for both routine
perimeter patrol and immediate response for checking out intrusion detection
system alerts. Adding chemical sensors would allow for their use in monitoring
dispersion of chemical clouds.
As
the ability to employ semi-autonomous navigation (point-to-point route
selection for example) for ground robots improves their utility for perimeter
patrol and immediate response will increase. If the operator can navigate the
robot by selecting a series of pre-programmed locations instead of driving the
robot, a single operator will then be able to operate multiple observation
robots. This will go a long way to overcoming the security manpower cost
problem.
Armed
Robots for Emergency Response
One
of the most controversial uses of robotics in military service is the use of
the robot as a weapons platform. Even with full teleoperational control of the
weapon system, there are still concerns about inadvertent weapons discharge due
to control system or communication system malfunction. These concerns may be
substantially reduced by using non-lethal weapons.
Many
of these concerns, and general concerns about weapons employment in a chemical
facility, could be further reduced by adding a redundant safety-interlock to
the weapon’s control system. This interlock could prevent the weapon from being
discharged in a number of pre-defined situations. ‘No Fire Zones’ could be
programmed into the interlock to prevent weapons discharge in unsafe areas of
the facility. A flammability sensor could be added to the platform to prevent
discharge of a ‘fired’ weapon in a flammable environment.
A
Future for Robotic Security
As
the military continues to improve the sophistication of their robotic systems
it becomes more likely that security robots will be deployed in the defense of
high-risk chemical facilities. Not only does the sophistication increase, but
the unit cost of these robotic systems will come down. Additionally, the number
of experienced robotic operators that are veterans of robotic combat operations
will increase.
It
is likely that it will be these veterans that will be behind the companies that
develop and start the deployment of security robots. With their government
supplied education, practical experience, and security training they will be
the natural leaders of the robotic security businesses of the future.
The
Israel Army is procuring more unmanned ground vehicles for combat missions in
border areas. (Memang rencana busuk sudah dijalankan oleh Israel, seperti yang terjadi di Gaza sekarang ini).
The
Ground Forces Command has purchased ast least four UGVs for combat missions
along the Gaza Strip and Israeli border with Lebanon. The platforms were
identified as G-Nius, developed and produced by Israel’s Elbit Systems.
“We
don’t need manned patrols along the border,” Elbit Systems president Joseph
Ackerman said. “We could use UGVs.” [On Aug. 5, the Israel Air Force announced
the deployment of the Sniper electro-optic reconnaissance system. Sniper,
developed in Israel
by several defense contractors, was said to enable air defense operators to
track fighter-jets at a distance of more than 70 kilometers.]
US army in 2020
U.S. technologists have revealed
that the country’s military has plans to have about 30 per cent of the Army
comprised of robotic forces by approximately 2020.
Doug
Few and Bill Smart of Washington University in St. Louis say that robots are
increasingly taking over more soldier duties in Iraq and Afghanistan, and that
the U.
S.
Army wants to make further additions to its robotic fleet.
They,
however, also point out that the machines still need the human touch.
“When
the military says ‘robot’ they mean everything from self-driving trucks up to
what you would conventionally think of as a robot. You would more accurately
call them autonomous systems rather than robots,” says Smart, assistant
professor of computer science and engineering.
All
of the Army’s robots are teleoperated, meaning there is someone operating the
robot from a remote location, perhaps often with a joystick and a computer
screen.
While
this may seem like a caveat in plans to add robots to the military, it is
actually very important to keep humans involved in the robotic operations.
“It’s
a chain of command thing. You don’t want to give autonomy to a weapons delivery
system. You want to have a human hit the button. You don’t want the robot to
make the wrong decision. You want to have a human to make all of the important
decisions,” says Smart.
The
technologist duo says that researchers are not necessarily looking for
intelligent decision-making in their robots. Instead, they are working to
develop an improved, “intelligent” functioning of the robot.
“It’s
oftentimes like the difference between the adverb and noun. You can act
intelligently or you can be intelligent. I’m much more interested in the adverb
for my robots,” says Few, a Ph.D. student who is interested in the delicate
relationship between robot and human.
He
says that there are many issues that may require “a graceful intervention” by
humans, and these need to be thought of from the ground up.
“When
I envision the future of robots, I always think of the Jetsons. George Jetson
never sat down at a computer to task Rosie to clean the house. Somehow, they
had this local exchange of information. So what we’ve been working on is how we
can use the local environment rather than a computer as a tasking medium to the
robot,” he says.
Few
has incorporated a toy into robotic programming, and with the aid of a Wii
controller, he capitalizes on natural human movements to communicate with the
robot.
According
to the researchers, focussing on a joystick and screen rather than carting
around a heavy laptop would help soldiers in battle to stay alert, and engage
in their surroundings while performing operations with the robot.
“We
forget that when we’re controlling robots in the lab it’s really pretty safe
and no one’s trying to kill us. But if you are in a war zone and you’re hunched
over a laptop, that’s not a good place to be. You want to be able to use your
eyes in one place and use your hand to control the robot without tying up all
of your attention,” says Smart.
Devices
like unmanned aerial vehicles, ground robots for explosives detection, and
Packbots have already been inducted in the military.
“When
I stood there and looked at that Packbot, I realized that if that robot hadn’t
been there, it would have been some kid,” says Few. (ANI)
Bagaimana
dunia di masa yang akan datang ? terutama teknologi militer menggunakan robot.
“”"Yang
penting itu robot jangan menjadi mesin pembunuh manusia, seperti yang terjadi
di GAZA saat
ini”"” v**me
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